Wie ist es möglich, die Windows-Registrierung mit Java zu lesen/schreiben?
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Vipul Paralikar
Punkte
1458
Les java.util.prefs Paket bietet eine Möglichkeit für Anwendungen, Benutzer- und Systemeinstellungen sowie Datenkonfigurationen zu speichern und abzurufen. Diese Einstellungsdaten werden persistent in einem implementierungsabhängigen Backing gespeichert. In Windows-Betriebssystemen werden sie zum Beispiel in der Windows-Registrierung gespeichert.
Zum Schreiben und Lesen dieser Daten verwenden wir die java.util.prefs.Preferences Klasse. Der folgende Code zeigt, wie man in der Klasse HKCU y HKLM in der Registry.
import java.util.prefs.Preferences;
public class RegistryDemo {
public static final String PREF_KEY = "org.username";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//
// Write Preferences information to HKCU (HKEY_CURRENT_USER),
// HKCU\Software\JavaSoft\Prefs\org.username
//
Preferences userPref = Preferences.userRoot();
userPref.put(PREF_KEY, "xyz");
//
// Below we read back the value we've written in the code above.
//
System.out.println("Preferences = "
+ userPref.get(PREF_KEY, PREF_KEY + " was not found."));
//
// Write Preferences information to HKLM (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE),
// HKLM\Software\JavaSoft\Prefs\org.username
//
Preferences systemPref = Preferences.systemRoot();
systemPref.put(PREF_KEY, "xyz");
//
// Read back the value we've written in the code above.
//
System.out.println("Preferences = "
+ systemPref.get(PREF_KEY, PREF_KEY + " was not found."));
}
}
Ryan
Punkte
1011
Noch eine Bibliothek...
https://code.google.com/p/java-registry/
Dieses Programm startet reg.exe im Verborgenen und liest/schreibt in temporäre Dateien. Ich habe es zwar nicht benutzt, aber es sieht nach einer ziemlich umfassenden Implementierung aus. Wenn ich es verwenden würde, würde ich vielleicht noch eine bessere Verwaltung der Kindprozesse hinzufügen.
TacB0sS
Punkte
9806
Das war verrückt... Ich nahm den Code aus einem der Beiträge hier, nicht zu sehen, es gab 18 weitere Kommentare, in denen eine erklärte, dass es nicht einen Dword-Wert lesen...
Auf jeden Fall habe ich die Hölle dieses Codes in etwas mit weniger ifs und Methoden umstrukturiert...
Die Enum könnte noch etwas verfeinert werden, aber sobald ich mir den Weg erkämpft habe, einen numerischen Wert oder ein Byte-Array zu lesen und daran gescheitert bin, habe ich aufgegeben...
Hier ist sie also:
package com.nu.art.software.utils;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.prefs.Preferences;
/**
*
* @author TacB0sS
*/
public class WinRegistry_TacB0sS {
public static final class RegistryException
extends Exception {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8799947496460994651L;
public RegistryException(String message, Throwable e) {
super(message, e);
}
public RegistryException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
public static final int KEY_WOW64_32KEY = 0x0200;
public static final int KEY_WOW64_64KEY = 0x0100;
public static final int REG_SUCCESS = 0;
public static final int REG_NOTFOUND = 2;
public static final int REG_ACCESSDENIED = 5;
private static final int KEY_ALL_ACCESS = 0xf003f;
private static final int KEY_READ = 0x20019;
public enum WinRegistryKey {
User(Preferences.userRoot(), 0x80000001), ;
// System(Preferences.systemRoot(), 0x80000002);
private final Preferences preferencesRoot;
private final Integer key;
private WinRegistryKey(Preferences preferencesRoot, int key) {
this.preferencesRoot = preferencesRoot;
this.key = key;
}
}
private enum WinRegistryMethod {
OpenKey("WindowsRegOpenKey", int.class, byte[].class, int.class) {
@Override
protected void verifyReturnValue(Object retValue)
throws RegistryException {
int[] retVal = (int[]) retValue;
if (retVal[1] != REG_SUCCESS)
throw new RegistryException("Action Failed, Return Code: " + retVal[1]);
}
},
CreateKeyEx("WindowsRegCreateKeyEx", int.class, byte[].class) {
@Override
protected void verifyReturnValue(Object retValue)
throws RegistryException {
int[] retVal = (int[]) retValue;
if (retVal[1] != REG_SUCCESS)
throw new RegistryException("Action Failed, Return Code: " + retVal[1]);
}
},
DeleteKey("WindowsRegDeleteKey", int.class, byte[].class) {
@Override
protected void verifyReturnValue(Object retValue)
throws RegistryException {
int retVal = ((Integer) retValue).intValue();
if (retVal != REG_SUCCESS)
throw new RegistryException("Action Failed, Return Code: " + retVal);
}
},
DeleteValue("WindowsRegDeleteValue", int.class, byte[].class) {
@Override
protected void verifyReturnValue(Object retValue)
throws RegistryException {
int retVal = ((Integer) retValue).intValue();
if (retVal != REG_SUCCESS)
throw new RegistryException("Action Failed, Return Code: " + retVal);
}
},
CloseKey("WindowsRegCloseKey", int.class),
QueryValueEx("WindowsRegQueryValueEx", int.class, byte[].class),
EnumKeyEx("WindowsRegEnumKeyEx", int.class, int.class, int.class),
EnumValue("WindowsRegEnumValue", int.class, int.class, int.class),
QueryInfoKey("WindowsRegQueryInfoKey", int.class),
SetValueEx("WindowsRegSetValueEx", int.class, byte[].class, byte[].class);
private Method method;
private WinRegistryMethod(String methodName, Class<?>... classes) {
// WinRegistryKey.User.preferencesRoot.getClass().getMDeclaredMethods()
try {
method = WinRegistryKey.User.preferencesRoot.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, classes);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Error");
System.err.println(e);
}
method.setAccessible(true);
}
public Object invoke(Preferences root, Object... objects)
throws RegistryException {
Object retValue;
try {
retValue = method.invoke(root, objects);
verifyReturnValue(retValue);
} catch (Throwable e) {
String params = "";
if (objects.length > 0) {
params = objects[0].toString();
for (int i = 1; i < objects.length; i++) {
params += ", " + objects[i];
}
}
throw new RegistryException("Error invoking method: " + method + ", with params: (" + params + ")", e);
}
return retValue;
}
protected void verifyReturnValue(Object retValue)
throws RegistryException {}
}
private WinRegistry_TacB0sS() {}
public static String readString(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key, String valueName)
throws RegistryException {
int retVal = ((int[]) WinRegistryMethod.OpenKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key),
new Integer(KEY_READ)))[0];
byte[] retValue = (byte[]) WinRegistryMethod.QueryValueEx.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal,
toCstr(valueName));
WinRegistryMethod.CloseKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
/*
* Should this return an Empty String.
*/
return (retValue != null ? new String(retValue).trim() : null);
}
public static Map<String, String> readStringValues(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key)
throws RegistryException {
HashMap<String, String> results = new HashMap<String, String>();
int retVal = ((int[]) WinRegistryMethod.OpenKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key),
new Integer(KEY_READ)))[0];
int[] info = (int[]) WinRegistryMethod.QueryInfoKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
int count = info[2]; // count
int maxlen = info[3]; // value length max
for (int index = 0; index < count; index++) {
byte[] name = (byte[]) WinRegistryMethod.EnumValue.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal,
new Integer(index), new Integer(maxlen + 1));
String value = readString(regKey, key, new String(name));
results.put(new String(name).trim(), value);
}
WinRegistryMethod.CloseKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
return results;
}
public static List<String> readStringSubKeys(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key)
throws RegistryException {
List<String> results = new ArrayList<String>();
int retVal = ((int[]) WinRegistryMethod.OpenKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key),
new Integer(KEY_READ)))[0];
int[] info = (int[]) WinRegistryMethod.QueryInfoKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
int count = info[0]; // Fix: info[2] was being used here with wrong results. Suggested by davenpcj, confirmed by
// Petrucio
int maxlen = info[3]; // value length max
for (int index = 0; index < count; index++) {
byte[] name = (byte[]) WinRegistryMethod.EnumValue.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal,
new Integer(index), new Integer(maxlen + 1));
results.add(new String(name).trim());
}
WinRegistryMethod.CloseKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
return results;
}
public static void createKey(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key)
throws RegistryException {
int[] retVal = (int[]) WinRegistryMethod.CreateKeyEx.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key));
WinRegistryMethod.CloseKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal[0]);
}
public static void writeStringValue(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key, String valueName, String value)
throws RegistryException {
int retVal = ((int[]) WinRegistryMethod.OpenKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key),
new Integer(KEY_ALL_ACCESS)))[0];
WinRegistryMethod.SetValueEx.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal, toCstr(valueName), toCstr(value));
WinRegistryMethod.CloseKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
}
public static void deleteKey(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key)
throws RegistryException {
WinRegistryMethod.DeleteKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key));
}
public static void deleteValue(WinRegistryKey regKey, String key, String value)
throws RegistryException {
int retVal = ((int[]) WinRegistryMethod.OpenKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, regKey.key, toCstr(key),
new Integer(KEY_ALL_ACCESS)))[0];
WinRegistryMethod.DeleteValue.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal, toCstr(value));
WinRegistryMethod.CloseKey.invoke(regKey.preferencesRoot, retVal);
}
// utility
private static byte[] toCstr(String str) {
byte[] result = new byte[str.length() + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
result[i] = (byte) str.charAt(i);
}
result[str.length()] = '\0';
return result;
}
}HINWEIS: DIES BEDEUTET NICHTS ANDERES ALS STRINGS!!!!!
Boann
Punkte
46908
Dies verwendet dieselben internen Java-APIs wie in in Davids Antwort aber ich habe es komplett umgeschrieben. Er ist jetzt kürzer und angenehmer zu benutzen. Ich habe auch Unterstützung für HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT und andere Hives hinzugefügt. Es hat allerdings immer noch einige der anderen Einschränkungen (z. B. keine DWORD-Unterstützung und keine Unicode-Unterstützung), die auf die zugrunde liegende API zurückzuführen und bei diesem Ansatz leider unvermeidbar sind. Dennoch ist es praktisch, wenn Sie nur grundlegende Zeichenfolgen lesen/schreiben müssen und keine native DLL laden wollen.
Ich bin sicher, dass Sie herausfinden können, wie man es benutzt.
Öffentlicher Bereich. Viel Spaß!
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* Simple registry access class implemented using some private APIs
* in java.util.prefs. It has no other prerequisites.
*/
public final class WindowsRegistry {
/**
* Tells if the Windows registry functions are available.
* (They will not be available when not running on Windows, for example.)
*/
public static boolean isAvailable() {
return initError == null;
}
/** Reads a string value from the given key and value name. */
public static String readValue(String keyName, String valueName) {
try (Key key = Key.open(keyName, KEY_READ)) {
return fromByteArray(invoke(regQueryValueEx, key.handle, toByteArray(valueName)));
}
}
/** Returns a map of all the name-value pairs in the given key. */
public static Map<String,String> readValues(String keyName) {
try (Key key = Key.open(keyName, KEY_READ)) {
int[] info = invoke(regQueryInfoKey, key.handle);
checkError(info[INFO_ERROR_CODE]);
int count = info[INFO_COUNT_VALUES];
int maxlen = info[INFO_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH] + 1;
Map<String,String> values = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
String valueName = fromByteArray(invoke(regEnumValue, key.handle, i, maxlen));
values.put(valueName, readValue(keyName, valueName));
}
return values;
}
}
/** Returns a list of the names of all the subkeys of a key. */
public static List<String> readSubkeys(String keyName) {
try (Key key = Key.open(keyName, KEY_READ)) {
int[] info = invoke(regQueryInfoKey, key.handle);
checkError(info[INFO_ERROR_CODE]);
int count = info[INFO_COUNT_KEYS];
int maxlen = info[INFO_MAX_KEY_LENGTH] + 1;
List<String> subkeys = new ArrayList<>(count);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
subkeys.add(fromByteArray(invoke(regEnumKeyEx, key.handle, i, maxlen)));
}
return subkeys;
}
}
/** Writes a string value with a given key and value name. */
public static void writeValue(String keyName, String valueName, String value) {
try (Key key = Key.open(keyName, KEY_WRITE)) {
checkError(invoke(regSetValueEx, key.handle, toByteArray(valueName), toByteArray(value)));
}
}
/** Deletes a value within a key. */
public static void deleteValue(String keyName, String valueName) {
try (Key key = Key.open(keyName, KEY_WRITE)) {
checkError(invoke(regDeleteValue, key.handle, toByteArray(valueName)));
}
}
/**
* Deletes a key and all values within it. If the key has subkeys, an
* "Access denied" error will be thrown. Subkeys must be deleted separately.
*/
public static void deleteKey(String keyName) {
checkError(invoke(regDeleteKey, keyParts(keyName)));
}
/**
* Creates a key. Parent keys in the path will also be created if necessary.
* This method returns without error if the key already exists.
*/
public static void createKey(String keyName) {
int[] info = invoke(regCreateKeyEx, keyParts(keyName));
checkError(info[INFO_ERROR_CODE]);
invoke(regCloseKey, info[INFO_HANDLE]);
}
/**
* The exception type that will be thrown if a registry operation fails.
*/
public static class RegError extends RuntimeException {
public RegError(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
// *************
// PRIVATE STUFF
// *************
private WindowsRegistry() {}
// Map of registry hive names to constants from winreg.h
private static final Map<String,Integer> hives = new HashMap<>();
static {
hives.put("HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT", 0x80000000); hives.put("HKCR", 0x80000000);
hives.put("HKEY_CURRENT_USER", 0x80000001); hives.put("HKCU", 0x80000001);
hives.put("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE", 0x80000002); hives.put("HKLM", 0x80000002);
hives.put("HKEY_USERS", 0x80000003); hives.put("HKU", 0x80000003);
hives.put("HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG", 0x80000005); hives.put("HKCC", 0x80000005);
}
// Splits a path such as HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft into a pair of
// values used by the underlying API: An integer hive constant and a byte array
// of the key path within that hive.
private static Object[] keyParts(String fullKeyName) {
int x = fullKeyName.indexOf('\\');
String hiveName = x >= 0 ? fullKeyName.substring(0, x) : fullKeyName;
String keyName = x >= 0 ? fullKeyName.substring(x + 1) : "";
Integer hkey = hives.get(hiveName);
if (hkey == null) throw new RegError("Unknown registry hive: " + hiveName, null);
return new Object[] { hkey, toByteArray(keyName) };
}
// Type encapsulating a native handle to a registry key
private static class Key implements AutoCloseable {
final int handle;
private Key(int handle) {
this.handle = handle;
}
static Key open(String keyName, int accessMode) {
Object[] keyParts = keyParts(keyName);
int[] ret = invoke(regOpenKey, keyParts[0], keyParts[1], accessMode);
checkError(ret[INFO_ERROR_CODE]);
return new Key(ret[INFO_HANDLE]);
}
@Override
public void close() {
invoke(regCloseKey, handle);
}
}
// Array index constants for results of regOpenKey, regCreateKeyEx, and regQueryInfoKey
private static final int
INFO_HANDLE = 0,
INFO_COUNT_KEYS = 0,
INFO_ERROR_CODE = 1,
INFO_COUNT_VALUES = 2,
INFO_MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 3,
INFO_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH = 4;
// Registry access mode constants from winnt.h
private static final int
KEY_READ = 0x20019,
KEY_WRITE = 0x20006;
// Error constants from winerror.h
private static final int
ERROR_SUCCESS = 0,
ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND = 2,
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED = 5;
private static void checkError(int e) {
if (e == ERROR_SUCCESS) return;
throw new RegError(
e == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND ? "Key not found" :
e == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED ? "Access denied" :
("Error number " + e), null);
}
// Registry access methods in java.util.prefs.WindowsPreferences
private static final Method
regOpenKey = getMethod("WindowsRegOpenKey", int.class, byte[].class, int.class),
regCloseKey = getMethod("WindowsRegCloseKey", int.class),
regQueryValueEx = getMethod("WindowsRegQueryValueEx", int.class, byte[].class),
regQueryInfoKey = getMethod("WindowsRegQueryInfoKey", int.class),
regEnumValue = getMethod("WindowsRegEnumValue", int.class, int.class, int.class),
regEnumKeyEx = getMethod("WindowsRegEnumKeyEx", int.class, int.class, int.class),
regSetValueEx = getMethod("WindowsRegSetValueEx", int.class, byte[].class, byte[].class),
regDeleteValue = getMethod("WindowsRegDeleteValue", int.class, byte[].class),
regDeleteKey = getMethod("WindowsRegDeleteKey", int.class, byte[].class),
regCreateKeyEx = getMethod("WindowsRegCreateKeyEx", int.class, byte[].class);
private static Throwable initError;
private static Method getMethod(String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
try {
Method m = java.util.prefs.Preferences.systemRoot().getClass()
.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
m.setAccessible(true);
return m;
} catch (Throwable t) {
initError = t;
return null;
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static <T> T invoke(Method method, Object... args) {
if (initError != null)
throw new RegError("Registry methods are not available", initError);
try {
return (T)method.invoke(null, args);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RegError(null, e);
}
}
// Conversion of strings to/from null-terminated byte arrays.
// There is no support for Unicode; sorry, this is a limitation
// of the underlying methods that Java makes available.
private static byte[] toByteArray(String str) {
byte[] bytes = new byte[str.length() + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
bytes[i] = (byte)str.charAt(i);
return bytes;
}
private static String fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {
if (bytes == null) return null;
char[] chars = new char[bytes.length - 1];
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++)
chars[i] = (char)((int)bytes[i] & 0xFF);
return new String(chars);
}
}Eines Tages wird Java über eine eingebaute Schnittstelle für fremde Funktionen für den einfachen Zugang zu nativen APIs, und diese Art von Hack wird unnötig sein.
Nicht registrierter Benutzer
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